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Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige
The Prontuario dei nomi locali dell'Alto Adige (''Reference Work of Place Names of Alto Adige'') is a list of Italianized toponyms for mostly German place names in South Tyrol (Alto Adige in Italian) which was published in 1916 by the Royal Italian Geographic Society (''Reale Società Geografica Italiana''). The list was called the Prontuario in short and later formed an important part of the Italianization campaign initiated by the fascist regime, as it became the basis for the official place and district names in the Italian-annexed southern part of the County of Tyrol.
It has often been criticized by the German-speaking population of the province on the grounds that the new names have little historical relevance and that many have been entirely invented.
==Development==
In the 1890s Ettore Tolomei founded a nationalist magazine "The Italian Nation", and in 1906 the "Archivio per l'Alto Adige". His intention was to create the impression that South Tyrol had originally been an Italian territory, that the German history of South Tyrol was merely a short interruption and that as a consequence the land rightfully belonged to Italy.〔Steininger, Rolf (2003), p. 16-17〕
Toponomy played a major part in Tolomei's struggle right from the beginning. In the articles he wrote for ''The Italian Nation'' he already used Italianized names, although these early attempts lacked the method and purpose of his later activities. In those days he would use the name ''Alto Trentino'' for South Tyrol, not having yet come upon and revived the Napoleonic creation ''Alto Adige'', which would become the official Italian designation for the province after World War I and up to this day. Likewise, he used to call the Brenner Pass "Pirene", which in his later publications would become "Brennero".〔Gianni Faustini, "Facevo il giornalista". Appunti e notizie autobiografiche sull'attività giornalistica di Ettore Tolomei. In: Sergio Benvenuti/Cristoph H. von Hartungen (eds.) 1998, p. 169.〕 His work became more systematical with the founding of the ''Archivio per l' Alto Adige'', through which he began to propose Italianized names for villages and geographical features in South Tyrol. In 1916, a year after Italy, instigated by Allied promises and its own nationalist tendencies, entered the First World War, a commission was set up to find Italian names for places in the "soon to be conquered territory". The commission (composed of Tolomei himself, the Professor of Botany and Chemistry Ettore De Toni as well as the librarian Vittorio Baroncelli) reported almost 12,000 Italian place and district names on the basis of Tolomei's studies. In June 1916, this list was published as ''Volume XV, Part II'' of ''Memorie'' of the ''Reale Società Geografica Italiana'' as well as in the ''Archivio per l'Alto Adige''.〔Framke 1987, p. 86-87〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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